The current study aims to enhance work in the field of isolating microorganisms that produce enzymes with practical uses, sustainability and food industries, by isolating and identifying lactic acid bacteria strains from different sources, some of which contain cellulose, which microorganisms depend on, primarily for their nutrition and reproduction, and which is present in the environment in which they are found, and the possibility of producing the enzyme Cellulase, which is considered one of the important enzymes in the analysis of polysaccharides (cellulose) and the production of monosaccharides and simple sugars. This study included the isolation and identification of Lactobacillus bacteria from different sources, purification, screening, identification and determination of their efficiency in producing cellulase enzymes. The results showed that fifteen isolates were obtained from various sources including soil, fruits, vegetables, pickles, dairy products and live fish entrails. Agar MRS medium with 0.5% (w/v) CaCl2 granules was used to isolate lactic acid bacteria, which were identified by phenotypic, biochemical and Gram staining tests. The optimum temperature for production is 35 °C with an enzymatic activity reached (3.425) and Specific activity (4.502), the pH value was 6 with the enzymatic activity reached (3.437) and Specific activity (4.399), the enzymatic activity was (3.419), and specific activity was (4.804), a fermentation time of 72 hours with an efficiency of (3.065) and Specific activity (4.305),the best carbon source cellulose with an efficiency of (5.44), and the best Nitrogen source wheat bran with an efficiency of (3.634) and a inoculum content of 5% with an efficiency of (3.399).

Cellulose is the most abundant biopolymer on biosphere and one of the most important constituent in plant cell wall. Biodegradation of cellulose in soil has an important role in Carbon flow and changing fixed Carbon to CO2, and in producing stable biological products and bioenergy. In this research fungus were isolated from soil of Zanjan and Abhar, due to great potential of soil mycoflora in degradation of cellulose. Then isolates were grown in selective media containing Avicel as Carbon source and their cellulolytic activity were measured by DNS method. Among 67 samples, Aspergillus niger is the the most prevalent fungus between isolates and it has the highest activity among the isolates of Zanjan and Abhar.

Cellulose is the most abundant component of lignocellulose with a vast range of applications in various fields such as nanotechnology, pharmacy, food industry. The cellulase enzyme complex consists of three major enzymes, including endoglucanases, exoglucanases, and beta-glucosidases, which are capable of decomposing cellulose. In this study, various fungal species were isolated from the degraded woods of Arasbaran forests. The activity zone technique was used to screen cellulolytic fungi. Based on the results, three fungal isolates had the highest cellulolytic activity. Phylogenetic analysis was performed based on the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) region and the isolates were classified into two genera as follows: Trichoderma and Aspergillus. The cellulolytic activity of three fungal isolates was measured by the DNS method and indicated thatT. harzianum has the highest activity (22.3 U/mg) compared with other isolates. Afterward, the growth condition of T. harzianum was optimized by Response Surface Methodology (RSM) to obtain a high amount of cellulase activity. The results indicated that the maximum amount of cellulase production (38.3 U/mg) was observed at 1.5% CMC, 0.51% peptone, pH 5, temperature 26.4°C, and incubation for about 3 days. Therefore, T. harzianum could be considered as a potential candidate for genetic improvement and enzyme production.

The study was conducted to investigate the effect of processed cottonseed feeding on pH, protozoa population, volatile fatty acids in rumen fluid, carboxymethyl cellulase and microcrystalline cellulase enzyme activity, urinary purine derivatives. For this purpose 40 Afshari male lambs, (4-6 months old) with an average weight of 27. 6±4 kg, were assigned randomly to four treatments with ten replications for 84 days. Experimental treatments included: 1) diet containing whole cottonseed, 2) diet containing ground cottonseed, 3) diet containing micronized cottonseed and 4) diet containing cottonseed washed with sodium hydroxide. Sampling of rumen fluid was done in the last week of the experimental period. In order to estimate microbial protein, urine was collected for 1days. The results of the experiment showed that cotton seed processing had no significant effect on protozoan activity. However, cotton seed processing had a significant difference (P<0. 05) on rumen pH and ammonia nitrogen. Cottonseed processing had a significant effect on acetic acid and propionic acid. There was no significant difference in the activity of microcrystalline cellulase and carboxymethyl cellulase in all sections between the control treatment and other treatments. With cottonseed processing, there was no significant difference in the amount of absorbed, excreted and absorbed purine derivatives, microbial protein production in the rumen and microbial nitrogen produced among different treatments. Findings show that micronized cottonseed processing and sodium hydroxide has increased the daily weight and improved the feed conversion ratio, and as a result, it can be recommended in the diet of fattening lambs.

In present study a marine isolate of Aspergillus niger was isolated from Caspian sea (Assadi and Tavasolei 1995), was used. The isolated fungus was exposed to DV radiation for different period of time, thus 99% of cells were killed. Decolorization potential of DV exposed colonies compared to wild type isolate. The results showed that there is different decolonization rate among mutants and between mutants and wild type strains. The mutant strain numbers 63(13.68%) and M.49 (94%) showed minimum and maximum decolonization rate, respectively, whereas wild type strain showed 67% decolonization rate. Approximately 2 g dry weight of mycelium was used to decolorize one liter of effluent.